Test for Carboxylic Acid Functional Group

The Test for Carboxylic Acid Functional Group is a qualitative organic chemistry experiment designed to detect carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups in unknown samples using neutralized ferric chloride (FeCl₃). Students explore how Fe³⁺ ions react with carboxylate anions to produce a characteristic lemon-yellow color, while a distilled-water blank provides a reference for comparison. The experiment also reinforces the importance of neutralization and pH adjustment before qualitative testing. Through this test, students learn to identify the structure and properties of carboxylic acids, perform acid-base neutralization, understand the chemical principles behind ferric chloride testing, and compare reactions with and without lactic acid.